↑ Mourad, Suleiman A., “al-Ḥasan al-Baṣrī”, in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE, Edited by: Kate Fleet, Gudrun Krämer, Denis Matringe, John Nawas, Everett Rowson.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Ritter, H., “Ḥasan al-Baṣrī”, in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs. Brill Online.
↑ Frye, R.N., บ.ก. (1975). The Cambridge history of Iran (Repr. ed.). London: Cambridge U.P. p. 449. ISBN978-0-521-20093-6. The founder of the Basra school of Sufism, which is itself the source for all later Sufi schools, is the celebrated Hasan al-Basri, who was born in Medina in 21/642, the son of a Persian slave, and who died after a long and fruitful life in Basra in 110/728.
↑ Donner, F.M. (1988). "BASRA". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. III, Fasc. 8. pp. 851–855. Some of these cultural figures were of Iranian descent, including the early paragon of piety Ḥasan al-Baṣrī; Sebawayh, one of the founders of the study of Arabic grammar; the famed poets Baššār b. Bord and Abū Nowās; the Muʿtazilite theologian ʿAmr b. ʿObayd; the early Arabic prose stylist Ebn al-Moqaffaʿ; and probably some of the authors of the noted encyclopedia of the Eḵwān al-Ṣafāʾ.
↑ Martin Lings (Abu Bakr Siraj ad-Din), What is Sufism? (Lahore: Suhail Academy, 1975), p. 104
↑ Ritter, H., “Ḥasan al-Baṣrī”, in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs. Brill Online.
↑ Qushayri, Risala, trans. A. Knysh (Reading, Garnet Publishers: 2007), p. 397
1 2 Ibn al-Qayyim, Rawda al-Muhibbin wa Nuzha al-Mushtaqin, p. 225
1 2 John Renard, Friend of God: Islamic Images of Piety, Commitment, and Servanthood (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2008), p. 47
1 2 John Renard, Friend of God: Islamic Images of Piety, Commitment, and Servanthood (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2008), p. 47; see source in notes, with p. 286
↑ Qushayri, Risala, trans. A. Knysh (Reading, Garnet Publishers: 2007), p. 157
↑ Qushayri, Risala, trans. A. Knysh (Reading, Garnet Publishers: 2007), p. 157
